The mechanism by which blockchain networks agree on the validity of transactions and maintain a consistent state. SORA v2 uses Substrate-based consensus mechanisms (NPoS - Nominated Proof of Stake). SORA v3 will use Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus derived from Hyperledger Iroha 3's architecture, providing high-throughput transaction processing with deterministic finality, making it suitable for enterprise applications and CBDCs.